Biochemistry Illustrated Notes (PDFs)

76 PDF files (instantly downloadable) covering topics of Biochemistry (especially for those studying for MCAT, DAT, NEET exams).

These are the notes that I use in my YouTube videos in a playlist titled: “Biochemistry for MCAT”…Watch here.

Topics covered include:

• Amino acids

• Titration of amino acids

• Peptide bonds and Peptides (Mono-, Di-, Oligo-, and Poly-peptides).

• Proteins

• Protein Electrophoresis

• Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary (1ry, 2ry, 3ry, 4ry) Structures of Proteins.

• Enzymes, substrates, enzyme activity, Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk graphs)

• Enzyme Inhibitors (Competitive, Non-Competitive, Mixed, and Uncompetitive inhibition).

• Cooperativity, and Hill’s coefficient.

• K.cat, Turnover number, and catalytic activity.

• DNA, RNA (rRNA, mRNA, tRNA), Purines, Pyrimidines, Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4).

• DNA replication, transcription, translation, ribosomes (and the enzymes involved in each step).

• Post-transcriptional modification, and post-translational modification.

• Telomeres, Centromeres, Telomerase enzyme (and DNA mutations).

• DNA Biotechnology (e.g. Recombinant DNA, PCR, DNA libraries, DNA Electrophoresis, Northern, Southern, Western blots…etc.)

• Lac Operon and E.coli bacteria’s story with lactose & lactase (Control of gene expression in prokaryotes).

• Control of gene expression in Eukaryotes.

• Biological membranes (cell membrane structure and function)

• Membrane transport (simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active-carrier transport “1ry vs 2ry active”, and vesicular transport: endocytosis vs exocytosis).

• Carbohydrates, their chemical structure, straight-chain (Fischer projection() vs cyclic rings (Haworth projection).

• The chair configurations of carbohydrates, and Isomerism (Enantiomers, Diastreomers, Epimers).

• Monosaccharides (simple sugars), disachharides, and Polysaccharides (complex sugars).

• Lipids (fats): structure, lipid types (phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids, triglycerides).

• Structural lipids and your cell membrane.

• Signaling lipids (Trepenes, Trepenoids, Prostaglandins, Fat-soluble vitamins).

• Storage lipids (TGLs)

• Saponification (soap formation), and Micelle formation.

• Metabolism:

• Feeding state vs Fasting state.

• Insulin vs Glucagon (and other counter-regulatory hormones).

• Glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, and GLUT5)

• Glucose metabolism

• Fructose metabolism

• Lactose metabolism

• Pyruvate

• Acetyl CoA

• Glycolysis

• TCA cycle (Krebs)

• Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

• Gluconeogenesis.

• Lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL, Chylomicrons) and apolipoproteins (apo B48, apoB100, apo C-II, apo E, …etc).

• Lipolysis (Fatty acid oxidation- beta oxidation).

• Lipogenesis (Fatty acid synthesis, Triglyceride formation).

• Ketogenesis.

• Ketogenolysis.

• Glycogenesis

• Glycogenolysis

• Proteogenesis

• Proteolysis

• Bioenergetics.

• Many mnemonics to help you memorize.

• 76 PDF files (instantly downloadable).